Disentangling individuals’ aesthetic preferences for order and complexity

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# Disentangling individuals’ aesthetic preferences for order and complexity
## A parametric, multidimensional approach
### Eline Van Geert, Daniel Hofmann, Astrid Warny, & Johan Wagemans
### KU Leuven, Belgium
### 21/03/2022

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.footer_middle[<a href="https://tinyurl.com/TEAP22" target="_blank">slides at tinyurl.com/TEAP22</a>]

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## Complexity and order?

.footnote[Van Geert, E., & Wagemans, J. (2020). Order, Complexity, and Aesthetic
Appreciation. [*Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the
Arts.*](http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/aca0000224)]

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### Complexity

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![](img/compl1.svg)
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![](img/compl2.svg)
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![](img/compl3.svg)
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aspects related to the quantity and variety of information in a stimulus

]

???

Welcome everyone, I am Eline Van Geert
and today I will present you new empirical work I did on the aesthetic appreciation of order and complexity in visual displays.

As you may know, in research on empirical aesthetics, order and complexity have often been considered important factors. 
Results on their actual relation with aesthetic appreciation have sometimes been contradictory, however.

In my work, I define complexity as all aspects related to the quantity and variety of information in a stimulus (for example, in this set of stimuli, the number of elements present in the stimulus is part of complexity, but besides the number of elements, also the diversity of the present elements is part of the complexity of the stimulus. This could be, for example, diversity in the colors, shapes, or sizes of the elements in the display.)

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### Order

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![](img/ord1.svg)
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![](img/ord2.svg)
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![](img/ord3.svg)
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aspects related to the structure and organization of information in a stimulus

]

???

With order, I refer to all aspects related to the structure and organization of information in a stimulus. This can entail a difference in type of order (eg a pattern applied AcrossRows or AcrossColumns), but there can also be a difference in the level of order. For example, all three images here contain the same elements, but in the right one the elements switched positions, disrupting the presence of the color and shape patterns.

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## Order, complexity, and aesthetic appreciation

.footnote[Van Geert, E., & Wagemans, J. (2020). Order, Complexity, and Aesthetic
Appreciation. [*Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the
Arts.*](http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/aca0000224) ]

???

Now we know what order and complexity entail, what is their relation to aesthetic appreciation?
Although it is clear from earlier research that order, complexity and appreciation àre related, the exact direction and type of relation between them has been more difficult to pin down. One of the reasons I have brought forward in my earlier work, is that order and complexity are often studied separately when their relation to aesthetic appreciation is investigated.

*I therefore proposed to study the effects of order and complexity on appreciation in a joint fashion, as I believe studying their effects in combination will lead to more consistent results concerning their relation to aesthetic appreciation.

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## Order, complexity, and aesthetic appreciation

.pull-left[
<center><img class="center" style="display: block; width: 420px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:60%; float:left;" src = "img/TON_quadrant.png">
]

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<img class="center" style="display: block; margin-top: -30px; width: 650px;margin-left:-100px; float:left; margin-top:0px;" src = "img/TON_ratingcorrs.png"></center>

]

.footnote[Van Geert, E., & Wagemans, J. (2021). Order, Complexity, and Aesthetic
Preferences for Neatly Organized Compositions. [*Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the
Arts.*](http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/aca0000276)]

???

In an earlier study I conducted using existing images of neatly organized compositions, we did investigate order and complexity in combination, and found that different types of appreciation relate differentially to order and complexity.

Whereas we found the rated soothingness of an image to relate positively to subjective order and negatively to subjective complexity, the fascination score of an image was positively related to both subjective order and subjective complexity.

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## Order, complexity, and aesthetic appreciation

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<center><img class="center" style="display: block; width: 350px; margin-left:-50px; margin-right:60%; float:left;" src = "img/TON_quadrant.png">
]

.pull-right[
<center><img class="center" style="display: block; width: 350px; float:left;margin-top: 0px; margin-left:-240px;" src = "img/TON_sooth_ordcompl.png">
<img class="center" style="display: block; width:350px; float:right; margin-top:0px;" src = "img/TON_fasc_ordcompl.png"></center>
]

???

Furthermore, results indicated that almost every participant appreciated order positively, but that the relation between complexity and appreciation was more variable across participants.

Although this study using ecologically valid images of neatly organized compositions produced interesting results, these results need replication using a more parametrically controlled stimulus set. In addition, we wanted to take a more explicit multidimensional view on order and complexity, as different types of order or complexity could have a differential relation to aesthetic appreciation, contributing to the currently existing diversity in research results.

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## OCTA toolbox

.footnote[Van Geert, E., Bossens, C., & Wagemans, J. (2022). The Order & Complexity Toolbox for Aesthetics (OCTA): A systematic approach to study the relations between order, complexity, and aesthetic appreciation. [*Preprint on PsyArXiV*](https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2bu8a) </br></br>]

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  <img src = "img/OCTAcode.png" style  = "margin-top:-50px; width:400px;">
  <img src = "img/OCTAapp.png" style  = "margin-top:0px; width:400px;">
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<center>
<img src = "img/flextiles5.svg" style = "width: 200px; margin-top: -85px; margin-bottom: -15px;">
<div style=" font-size: 12px;" >Using a <a href = "https://thenounproject.com/term/tile/1424326">tile</a> created by <a href = "https://thenounproject.com/marialuisa.iborra">Lluisa Iborra</a> available on <a href = "https://thenounproject.com/">the Noun Project</a></div></center>
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<img src = "img/concentricrings.svg" style = "width: 210px; margin-top: -90px;"></center>
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<center>
<img src = "img/dynamicflowers.svg" style = "width: 240px;  margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: -150px; "></center>
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<center>
<img src = "img/ecologicalflowers.svg" style = "width: 200px;  margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: -150px; ">
</br></br></br></br></br></br>
<div style=" font-size: 12px;  margin-top: 15px;" ><a href = "https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2082529.v1">Flower images</a> from <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2106">Hůla and Flegr (2016)</a></div></center>
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???

Specifically for the purpose of studying the relations between order, complexity, and aesthetic appreciation in a more parametrically controlled fashion, we created OCTA, the Order and Complexity Toolbox for Aesthetics. OCTA creates an easy way to generate easily reproducible and expandable stimuli varying in complexity and/or order along multiple stimulus dimensions (including shape, color, size, orientation).
It is freely and openly available as a Python package and as an online point and click application.

In the studies I will present to you today, we created our stimuli using the OCTA toolbox. Although for the studies in question, we used visual displays with basic geometric shapes as elements, OCTA can also help you to create displays with much more complex elements, including images and custom shapes, and OCTA can also add dynamic aspects to your stimuli (for example color or orientation changes of elements over time). Here you see some more of these advanced example stimuli, all created with OCTA.

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## Study overview
<center>

<div style="margin-top: -50px;">

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#### Study 1: Preferences for complexity (*N* = 407)

<h4>Overlap between Study 1 and 2 (<i>N</i> = 239)</h4>

To what extent does an individual's appreciation of complexity stay stable across several months, for different stimuli and using a different task?

</div>

]

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#### Study 2: Rating study (*N* = 527)

<img src = "img/examplestimulus.png" style = "margin-top: -20px; width: 350px;">
</br>
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</div>

</center>

???

So what will I present to you today?

The first study focused on individuals' preferences for color, shape, and size complexity within different levels of order.

The second study asked participants to rate OCTA stimuli varying on multiple order and complexity dimensions on their perceived order, complexity, pleasantness, and interest.

Finally, thanks to a considerable overlap in participants, we could assess the extent to which an individual's appreciation of complexity was correlated across several months time, despite using different stimuli and a different task.

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## Study 1: Preferences for complexity

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**Which levels & types of complexity are preferred within each level of order?**

**Individual differences in preferences for color, shape, and size complexity?**
</br>

Color sets:

- 3 monocolor sets: 3 reds, 3 greens, or 3 blues
- 1 multicolor set: 1 red, 1 green, and 1 blue

]

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<img src = "img/0001_1_1_167_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;">
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_139_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;">
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_84_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"> 
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_167_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-top: -20px; float:left;">
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_139_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-top: -20px; float:left;"> 
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_84_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-top: -20px; float:left;"> 
.caption[<center>&nbsp;COLOR &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;  SHAPE &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SIZE &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</br></br>C&nbsp;O&nbsp;M&nbsp;P&nbsp;L&nbsp;E&nbsp;X&nbsp;I&nbsp;T&nbsp;Y&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</center>]
</center>
]

???

In the first study, we showed participants pairs of stimuli. Within each pair, the level and type of order was kept constant (0, 6, or 12 switches), only the level of color, shape, and size complexity present were varied. Here you see three example pairs, each with a difference within the pair in a different type of complexity.

We were interested in investigating individual differences in the appreciation of different types of complexity, as well as in general results on the differential appreciation of complexity depending on the level of order present in the stimuli.

We used four different color sets (3 monocolor and 1 multicolor set) to assess the generalizability of our findings. 407 students completed 4 blocks of 287 pairs (2 blocks for one monocolor set and 2 for the multicolor set).

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## Study 1: Preferences for complexity

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1. **Not all types of complexity are appreciated similarly**

]

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<center>
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_167_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;">
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_139_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;">
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_84_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"> 
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_167_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-top: -20px; float:left;">
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_139_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-top: -20px; float:left;"> 
<img src = "img/0001_1_1_84_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-top: -20px; float:left;"> 
.caption[&nbsp;<span style="color:#4DAF4A;">COLOR</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; > &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#E41A1C;"> SHAPE </span>&nbsp;&nbsp; > &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#E41A1C;"> SIZE</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</br></br>C&nbsp;O&nbsp;M&nbsp;P&nbsp;L&nbsp;E&nbsp;X&nbsp;I&nbsp;T&nbsp;Y&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
</center>
]

???

What did we learn from this first study?

First of all, not all types of complexity are appreciated or appreciated similarly. Whereas the image in the pair with more color complexity was preferred on average, shape and size complexity were disfavored, and size complexity even more so than shape complexity.

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## Study 1: Preferences for complexity

.pull-left[
1. Not all types of complexity are appreciated similarly

2. **Not all individuals appreciate complexity equally**

]

???

Secondly, not all individuals appreciate complexity equally. 
More specifically, we found evidence for more individual differences in the appreciation of color complexity, and fewer for shape and size complexity.

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## Study 1: Preferences for complexity

.pull-left[
1. Not all types of complexity are appreciated similarly

2. Not all individuals appreciate complexity equally

3. **The appreciation of complexity partially depends on the level of order present**

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #E41A1C;"><center><img src = "img/0001_1_1_5_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>0 switches</br><b>high order</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "img/0001_1_1_1_right.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>6 switches</br></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color: #4DAF4A;"><center><img src = "img/0001_1_1_9_left.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>12 switches</br><b>low order</b></center></div>

</center>
]

???

And thirdly, we looked at whether the appreciation of complexity depended on the level of order present.
We found that complexity was preferred more often when a higher level of order was present (meaning that the order pattern was undisturbed)
when order was disturbed and elements were switched places, preference for complexity was lower.

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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
**Can the findings by <a target = "_blank" href = "https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000276">Van Geert & Wagemans (2021)</a> be replicated when using a more parametrically controlled stimulus set?**

**To what extent do different objective order and complexity manipulations influence perceived order and complexity?**
]

.pull-right[

<img src = "img/examplestimulus.png" style = "margin-top: -20px">
]

???

In the second study I want to present to you, we let participants rate OCTA stimuli on perceived order, complexity, pleasantness, and interest.

We were interested in replicating the results of our earlier work on neatly organized compositions with a more parametrically controlled stimulus set. For example, do pleasantness and interest have differential relations to order and complexity? Is order indeed a more consistent factor in appreciation and is the appreciation of complexity more prone to individual differences?

In addition, we investigated the influence of different objective order and complexity manipulations present in OCTA on the perceived order and complexity of those stimuli.

We created a set of 1611 OCTA stimuli, collected ratings from 527 participants of which each rated approx. 100 images. (giving us approx. 30 ratings per image)

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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
Study confirms main findings of</br><a target = "_blank" href = "https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000276">Van Geert & Wagemans (2021)</a>:
- different types of appreciation relate differently to order and complexity
<center>
]

.pull-right[

]

???

The results of the study confirm the main findings of our earlier work.
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## Study 2: Rating study

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<img src = "img/OCTA_ratingcorrs.png" style = "margin-top: -60px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
</br>
<center>
<div id="wrap5">
  <iframe id="scaled-frame5" src="imagecorrs_OP_CP_OI_CI.html"></iframe>
</div>
</center>
]

???

As you can see in the correlation scheme on the right and in the scatterplots below, pleasantness correlated positively to perceived order and negatively to perceived complexity. Interest was positively correlated to complexity, but uncorrelated to order (note that order was not negatively related to interest either).  
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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-right[

Results of <a target = "_blank" href = "https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000276">Van Geert & Wagemans (2021)</a>:
<img src = "img/TON_ratingcorrs.png" style = "margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left:0px;">
]

???

Different from what we found before, is that in this parametrically manipulated set, subjective order and complexity ratings were strongly negatively correlated, which was not the case in the set of neatly organized compositions. This strong negative relation probably also explains why the positive relation between order and interest is absent in the current study.

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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
Study confirms main findings of</br><a target = "_blank" href = "https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000276">Van Geert & Wagemans (2021)</a>:

- almost everyone appreciates order positively
- more individual differences in the appreciation of complexity
]

???

When it comes to individual differences in the appreciation of order and complexity, 
order was again the more consistent factor in the appreciation of the images, as most participants showed a positive appreciation of order (not many participants in the left part of the graph especially for pleasantness).

The appreciation of complexity however was more prone to individual differences: participants are more distributed across the top and bottom halves of the graphs.

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## Study 2: Rating study

]

.pull-right[
<img src = "img/OCTA_pleasinter_ordcompl.png" style = "float:left; width: 900px; margin-top: -150px; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left: -50px; ">

Results of <a target = "_blank" href = "https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000276">Van Geert & Wagemans (2021)</a>:
<img src = "img/TON_sooth_ordcompl.png" style = "float:left; width: 240px; margin-top: 10px;margin-left: -50px; ">
<img src = "img/TON_fasc_ordcompl.png" style = "float:left; width: 240px; margin-top: 10px; ">
]
???

As you can see, the current results confirm and strengthen the evidence for this exploratory finding in our earlier work.

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## Study 2: Rating study

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Order manipulations:
- switch level: disruption of patterns

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;margin-left: -50px;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_115.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left; "></br>low </br>switch level</br></br><b>high order</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_116.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>medium </br>switch level</br></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_120.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>high </br>switch level</br></br><b>low order</b></center></div>

</center>
]

???

When looking at the objective order manipulations assessed,
we find a clear effect of the number of switched elements on the perceived order present in the stimulus.

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## Study 2: Rating study

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Order manipulations:
- switch level: disruption of patterns

</center>
]

???

A higher number of switches also consistently led to a higher perceived complexity, and a lower pleasantness rating.

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## Study 2: Rating study

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Order manipulations:

- congruent vs. incongruent patterns

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;margin-left:30px;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_631.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left; "></br>congruent</br></br><b>high order</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_637.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>incongruent</br></br><b>low order</b></center></div>
</center>
]

???

Having the patterns applied to colors, shapes, and sizes in the same direction and thus producing congruent patterns leads to slightly higher order ratings than incongruent patterns. Although pleasantness drops slightly for incongruent patterns, perceived complexity and interest increase.

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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
Complexity manipulations:
- number of elements

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8; margin-left: -50px;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_1145.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left; "></br>6 x 6</br></br><b>low complexity</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_260.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>12 x 12</br></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_1576.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>18 x 18</br></br><b>high complexity</b></center></div>

</center>
]

???
For complexity, we manipulated the number of elements present in the stimuli. The number of elements did indeed increase perceived complexity and interest, and left order and pleasantness untouched.

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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
Complexity manipulations:
- color complexity

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8; margin-left: -50px;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_373.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left; "></br>1 color</br></br><b>low complexity</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_1241.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>2 colors</br></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_586.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>3 colors</br></br><b>high complexity</b></center></div>

</center>
]

???
Color complexity increased perceived complexity and interest, but also pleasantness, although perceived order slightly decreased.

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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
Complexity manipulations:

- shape complexity

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8; margin-left: -50px;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_620.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left; "></br>1 shape</br></br><b>low complexity</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_1291.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>2 shapes</br></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_1263.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>3 shapes</br></br><b>high complexity</b></center></div>

</center>
]

???
Shape complexity had a negative impact on perceived order and pleasantness.
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## Study 2: Rating study

.pull-left[
Complexity manipulations:


- size complexity

<center>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8; margin-left: -50px;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_196.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left; "></br>1 size</br></br><b>low complexity</b></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color:#377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_728.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>2 sizes</br></center></div>
<div style = "float:left; color: #377EB8;"><center><img src = "OCTA_stimuli/stim_1356.svg" style  = "width : 150px; margin-bottom: 0px; float:left;"></br>3 sizes</br></br><b>high complexity</b></center></div>

</center>
]

???
Size complexity had an even bigger negative impact on perceived order and pleasantness.

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## Study 1 & 2: Consistency across time

**To what extent does an individual's appreciation of complexity stay stable across several months, for different stimuli and using a different task?**

Relation preference vs. <span style = "color:#1b9fd8;">pleasantness</span>:
<img src = "img/testretestpleasantness.png" style = "margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;width: 90%;">
    
???

Finally, to what extent does an individual's appreciation of complexity stay stable across time? We conducted both experiments with at least five months in between, and as you noticed, both the stimuli and the task in these experiments was different.

Nevertheless, we did find considerable correlations between an individual's appreciation of color and shape complexity across experiments: for instance, participants with a more positive correlation between rated pleasantness and color complexity, were also the participants more often preferring the image in the pair with most color complexity.

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## Study 1 & 2: Consistency across time

**To what extent does an individual's appreciation of complexity stay stable across several months, for different stimuli and using a different task?**

Relation preference vs. <span style = "color:#1b9fd8;">interest</span>:
<img src = "img/testretestinterest.png" style = "margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;width: 90%;">
    
???

The same pattern of results shows when we look at the correlation between interest and color complexity and preferences for color complexity.
Also for shape complexity the correlation is clear.

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## What did we learn?

**Whereas <span style = "color:#1b9fd8;">order</span> is almost never disfavored, the appreciation of complexity is more context-dependent** 
</br></br>

**Whether and to which extent <span style = "color:#1b9fd8;">complexity</span> is appreciated depends on:**
- **the type of appreciation asked for** (interest > pleasantness)
- **the order level present** (high order > low order)
- **the type of complexity present** (color > shape > size)
- **the individual in question** 

</br></br>

**Individual differences in the appreciation of complexity are considerably correlated across several months, </br>even with different stimuli and tasks**
    
???

So, what did we learn from those studies?

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.pull-left[

<h2> Further resources</h2></div>

- <a href="https://elinevg.shinyapps.io/OCTAratings_explore/" target="_blank">Explore the OCTA image ratings app</a>

- <a href="https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2bu8a" target="_blank">Read the preprint on the OCTA toolbox!</a>

- <a href="https://elinevg.shinyapps.io/OCTA_toolbox/" target="_blank">Test the OCTA Shiny app</a>

- <a href="https://github.com/gestaltrevision/OCTA_toolbox" target="_blank">Install the OCTA Python toolbox</a>

- <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScHfKYGP_Oh6a_cd6jnf-jpbfJWWSzNXCpnPwDiI07zyHBy-w/viewform?hl=en" target="_blank">Subscribe to the OCTA mailing list</a>

]

.pull-right[

<center>
<img src = "img/EVG_OCTA.svg" style = "width: 100%;" margin-bottom: -10px;">
<div style = "margin-top: -30px;"><a href = "http://evg.ulyssis.be/evg/"><b>Eline Van Geert</b></a></div></br>

<div style = "float:middle; margin-top: -20px; ">
<a style = "font-size: 16px;" href="http://gestaltrevision.be/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
<span>GestaltReVision research group</br>Laboratory of Experimental Psychology - KU Leuven</span>
</a></br>

<a href="https://github.com/ElineVG" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="display:inline-block; float:middle;padding:10px;">
  <svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:#119abb;height:2em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg>
</a>
</div>
</center>]

<div>
<center><b>Thanks to</b></center>

.pull-left[<center>my research group, institution, and funder</center></br>]

.pull-right[<center>my collaborators and students</center>]

.pull-left[<center><img src = "logos/gestaltrevisionlogosmall.png">&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src = "logos/KULeuven_small.png">&nbsp;&nbsp;
<img src = "logos/FWOlogosmall.jpg" ></center>
]

.pull-right[<div style = "margin-top: -150px;"><center><img src = "img/christophe_bossens.jpg" style = "width:60px; margin-left:60px;margin-top: -20px; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src = "img/johan_wagemans.jpg" style = "width:60px; margin-top: -200px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src = "img/astrid_warny.png" style = "width:60px; margin-top: -200px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src = "img/daniel_hofmann.png" style = "width:60px; margin-top: -200px;"></center></div>]

</div>

???

I want to thank you all for your attention and point you to all the resources available online (there is the OCTA toolbox app, code, documentation, we also have a mailing list to be kept up to date on new developments for OCTA; a poster you can explore to get to know OCTA better, and the ratings app I showed you today).

A paper is in preparation and will soon be available as a preprint.

To get to all of those resources, you can go to the url shown on the bottom of the slide and click all the links on the slides.

If there are any questions, I am more than happy to answer them :-)
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## Study 2: Rating study

<div id="wrap">
  <iframe id="scaled-frame" src="https://elinevg.shinyapps.io/OCTAratings_explore/"></iframe>
</div>
    
???

If you want to explore the dataset of this rating study further, I encourage you to try out the online application we created.

You can sort the images based on the average ratings they received for pleasantness, interest, order, or complexity and filter on any of the variables related to the stimulus construction.

Furthermore, you can also discover relations between different variables in the dataset. You will see a plot with individual points representing each image in the dataset. If you hover over the points, you see the corresponding images and values. If you click on any of the points, you will get even more information about that stimulus.

You can change the variables presented on the x and y axes as preferred. FOr example, if you want to see the relation between complexity and interest, you can easily change the x and y axes.
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## Study 2: Rating study

<center>
<div id="wrap4">
  <iframe id="scaled-frame4" src="imagehist_O_C.html"></iframe>
</div>
</center>
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## Study 2: Rating study

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## Study 2: Rating study

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## Study 2: Rating study

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## Study 2: Rating study

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## OCTA demo

<div id="wrap">
  <iframe id="scaled-frame" src="https://elinevg.shinyapps.io/OCTA_toolbox/"></iframe>
</div>

???

Live demo

* change positions of elements

* change color pattern

* change color value

* output options